Lesson in Mexico's Monetary Policy: Part 3

The central bank, Banco de Mexico (Banxico), is the autonomous authority on monetary policy. The central bank has the primary objective of maintaining stability in the purchasing power of the peso. The value of the peso is determined by the market, under a floating exchange-rate regime in place since the December 1994 peso devaluation. However, the central bank does intervene in foreign-exchange markets to maintain currency stability. The Exchange Rate Commission sets policy; it is made up of six members -- three each from the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico -- SHCP) and the central bank, with the SHCP holding the deciding vote.

In January 2008 Banxico formally adopted an operating target for the overnight interbank rate (tasa de fondeo bancario) as a means to control peso liquidity in the market. The overnight interbank rate is set by the central bank's board of governors at its policy meetings. In 2009 Banxico engaged in a cycle of aggressive monetary easing to ease credit conditions and stimulate the slowing economy during the international financial crisis. The interbank rate was cut by 375 basis points in the first half of 2009, from 8.25% in January to 4.5% in July, where it remained as of end-March 2011. The Economist Intelligence Unit expects Banxico to maintain the interbank rate at this level throughout 2011.